Spark received eight honorary doctorates in her lifetime. In 2010, Spark was shortlisted for the Lost Man Booker Prize of 1970 for The Driver's Seat. In 1998, she was awarded the Golden PEN Award by English PEN for "a Lifetime's Distinguished Service to Literature". She has been twice shortlisted for the Booker Prize, in 1969 for The Public Image and in 1981 for Loitering with Intent. She became Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1993, in recognition of her services to literature. Spark received the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1965 for The Mandelbaum Gate, the Ingersoll Foundation TS Eliot Award in 1992 and the David Cohen Prize in 1997. In 2008 The Times newspaper named Spark in its list of "the 50 greatest British writers since 1945". Dame Muriel Spark, DBE was a prolific Scottish novelist, short story writer and poet whose darkly comedic voice made her one of the most distinctive writers of the twentieth century.
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